Evolution of Australian Biota Essay Example for Free

Evolution of Australian Biota Essay Identify features of flowers of native species of angiosperms that may be adaptations for wind, insect, bird and mammal pollination. Wind: Wind-pollinated plants dont depend on the ability to attract birds or insects, so their flowers tend to be small, drab, unscented and non-prominent. Wind pollinated flowers are specially adapted to be able to make use of even slight air currents. They tend to have lots of small flowers with long filaments and pistils. Anthers and stigmata often project from the flower in order to be exposed to the wind so that pollen can be sent out and received easily. Insect: Flowers use nectar as a food source for insects to encourage them to keep returning to the plant. They have developed structures that secrete nectar and these structures are surrounded by petals that have pollen on them. As the insect eats or collects the nectar, it picks up pollen on its body which will then be transported to other flowers. Many plants have also developed brightly colored or dull flowers to attract insects. Scent also plays a role in attracting insects, Bees and moths like flowers with a sweet scent. Some plants even have a rotten smell to attract insects such as flies and beetles. Bird: Bird pollinated flowers tend to be very bright to attract the bird towards them. They produce very sticky pollen so that it clings to bird easier, they also produce lots of nectar to feed the birds. This is an example of a mutualism relationship because they both benefit from it. Mammal: The nectar feeding bats is one of the only mammal species that mainly feed on flowers. These flowers don’t usually have bright colours because bats don’t have good eyesight, but these flowers have a very rich scent in order for the bat to come to them. Because most mammals are larger than birds they require larger amounts of nectar which result in larger flowers. The pollen is also very sticky so that it can attach to the mammal easier so that the mammal can transport the pollen to other flowers. Evolution: Charles Darwins theory was that species change over time, or evolve, in response to their environment. A good example of this is the evolution of the Kangaroo. Approximately 55 MYA the kangaroos looked quite similar to a possum and it was a tree dweller with a prehensile tail, but as Gondwana split up, the rainforests disappeared, the climate became hotter and the land dry and arid, the kangaroo evolved along the way and have come to look like what they do now. Survival: Some species have higher survival rates than others because they are more adaptable to new conditions and aren’t a completely specialized species like the Koala. For example the platypus has survived over millions of years because it has learnt to adapt to its changing environment rather than dying off because it can’t cope with environmental change. Extinction: Most species become extinct because they can’t cope with the environmental change, and also because of introduced species that turned into competitors for territory and food. E.g. the Thylacine or better known as the Tasmanian Tiger started to die off due to competition of introduced species, mainly the Dingo. As the Dingoes numbers increased the Thylacine’s decreased because the Dingoes were hunting the Thylacines source of food and was taking over their territories. Discuss one reason for maintaining biodiversity. Biodiversity should be maintained because we need a variety of species within an ecosystem, and a variety within the one species because everything depends on each other for survival. As humans we depend on plants and animals as our source of food and if disease struck a particular breed of cow and that was the only breed of cow in the world, we would no longer have beef meat or dairy products, and that is where biodiversity would have helped. If there were other different breeds of cows that were available that the disease didn’t effect they would still have their meat and dairy products. So it is important to maintain biodiversity because if we didn’t our food and sources of survival would be vary scarce. Describe two ways in which the government is involved in monitoring biodiversity. One way is that the Smithsonian National Zoology Park has been pairing up with schools Students, teachers and community partners to experience their local environment first-hand, and become involved in projects that allow them to conduct surveys in their local ecosystem on the biodiversity of biota that surrounds them. A second way is the catch, tag and release method that most fishing departments have been adopting, like the NSW fisheries department where that have been tagging grey nurse sharks and asking for sightings of the sharks to be reported so that they can accumulate information on the population size and movement patterns of the sharks.

Free Argumentative Essays: Euthanasia is Inhuman :: Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia is Inhuman A subject that has been disputed more ever since medical technology has dramatically improved is Euthanasia. Euthanasia is assisted suicide, or it could be ending a patience's suffering by letting him die. Medical technology is advancing so fast euthanasia is not needed to be a practice in today's society. Moreover, it is inhuman and against the law. Many people with incurable diseases have thought about euthanasia. Their families do not want them to go through the pain any longer. One reason why these families should not consider euthanasia is because medical technology is advancing at an alarming rate. Diseases can be cured now that could not have been cured just a few years ago. The way things are going technology would probably find a cure for the patience's illness in the near future. Families or individuals thinking about euthanasia should get all the facts first about the research being done on the particular illness that has invaded a member of their family. Think twice before making any serious decisions. Euthanasia is an inhuman way of taking care of a difficult problem. Some people might say that it is inhuman to have someone suffer through the pain of his or her illness. Many of the families have a harder time dealing with the pain than the actual victim does. The families would like to ease their own pain along with the victim's pain. It is not inhuman to keep someone alive as long as humanly possible. If a cure is found, then the victim could possibly go on to live a long life. It would be inhuman to not let the victim have the chance to live the rest of his life. A human life is the most beautiful thing on the face of the earth or anywhere, and people should be given a chance to experience the beauty as long as possible. Some people want to die for one reason or another. These people go to someone and ask him or her to help them die. Most of the victims of diseases that would result in them wanting to die are in an unstable condition and are not fit to make these major decisions. A paper I read off the internet said "Contrary to the assumptions of many in the public, a

Puerto Ricans as a Subordinate Group in America

We were walking to church when mamà ¡ told us to pray for a man named Harry Truman, el presidente de los Estados Unidos.   â€Å"He is going to let us finally become our own country,† mamà ¡ explained.   I had heard those stories before.   Abuela liked to tell stories about how Puerto Rico had never been free.   She said that first Christopher Columbus had come to the island and he had helped Spain to conquer los Tainos.   Abuela always spoke about the great injustices Columbus and Spain had done to los Tainos; she said her mother was a direct descendent of those early Puerto Ricans, which made us part native Taino. Mamà ¡ hated those stories.   Her parents had come to Puerto Rico from Spain; Puerto Rico was her home and she was always upset by the idea that her earliest ancestors might have enslaved my father’s ancestors.   She said to let the past stay in the past. At church, I prayed for Mr. Truman because my mother said to.   I prayed for him because he was going to make up for all the mistakes the Spanish had done to the country all those years ago.   He was going to make us free again.   Mamà ¡ said that Mr. Truman was como un savior. We read newspaper articles about the drafting of the new constitution.   We were our own country, but we were not.   We were part of the United States, while still being Puerto Rico.   We were protected, even while we were independent.   Walking down the street, I could hear people talking about what â€Å"commonwealth status† could mean for Puerto Rico’s future.   Some were against it, others thought it was the best way.   But the constitution did not solve everything; stores closed down, houses became decrepit, Papà ¡ lost his job. Three years after the Puerto Rican constitution was signed, Papà ¡ said we were going to move to America.   He had cousins who had gone and had found jobs immediately.   He said that more and more people were leaving Puerto Rico for places like New York City.   I had seen a picture of New York City once.   It was called the â€Å"Big Apple.†Ã‚   I had never seen buildings so tall; I had always thought that the people who could call New York City were the luckiest people in the world.   And soon, I would be one of them. We left in the middle of the night.   The ride was not long and I looked out the airplane window, watching the night sky.   We landed in an airport outside of New York and took a taxi in.   We drove across a large bridge; I could barely see the water.   It looked like another sky with all the buildings and lights reflected in it.   And then, we were inside the city.   There were people walking around.   I heard people talking to Spanish.   There were stores with familiar names and foods advertised in the windows. It was almost as though we had never left home. I couldn’t sleep that night; I was kept awake by the sound of taxis and car horns and people shouting from one building to the next.   Mamà ¡ tried to sing lullabies to me, the same songs she used to coo when I was a small child, but now, the songs did not induce sleep but kept my eyes more alert.   I thought of home.   I thought of palm trees.   I thought of the ocean.   I was afraid I would never see Puerto Rico again. But Puerto Rico came to me. More cousins and aunts and uncles and friends left the island for America.   They did not only come to New York.   They went to places like Texas, California, New Mexico, and Florida.   My best friend, Juana, went to Texas on vacation.   She sent me a postcard of a man riding a bull.   â€Å"He spoke Spanish to me,† she wrote. After my Tà ­a Felicia moved to Florida, she invited us to visit.   I could see the oceans.   I could see palm trees.   It was warm.   It was Puerto Rico in America.   Felicia made tostones y arroz y pollo asado.   I could have stayed in Florida forever but after two weeks, I was beginning to miss New York.   I had grown used to the traffic.   I was comfortable in Florida, listening to almost everyone speak Spanish and being able to understand them, but I couldn’t help but want to be back in the city, where I could walk from my neighborhood to Little Italy to China Town and eat something from every part of the world. Years later, I left New York for New Jersey to go to college.   I had children.   My husband was a Cuban man; his family had moved to Puerto Rico shortly after his birth.   We had Cuban and Puerto Rican flags hanging on the outside of our house.   When the very first Puerto Rican Day parade was announced, my husband took the Puerto Rican flag down from the front of the house and handed it to me.   We left early in the morning, with our children.   Flags were for sale at the many vendors lined along the street; food was also being sold, and little pieces of jewelry with the Puerto Rican flags on them. â€Å"Boricua,† the crowd shouted together.   I did not shout with them at first.   My children stood on their toes to look over the shoulders of the people standing in front of them.   They shouted with the crowd.   My husband reached out and held my hand.   I looked up and down the street, shocked by the thousands of Puerto Ricans gathered together.   Spanish was mixed with English; people danced together, music was being played from loudspeaker.   I felt at home. I leaned against my husband; together we screamed with the crowd, â€Å"Boricua!† References U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder.   (2004, April).   â€Å"Percent of People 5 Years and Over Who Speak Spanish at Home: 2005†.   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from   Ã‚  factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder.   (2004, April).   â€Å"Map of Spanish Speakers in the United States†.   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from factfinder.census.gov. CIA World Factbook.   â€Å"Puerto Rico.†   Retrieved April 20, 2007 from www.cia.gov.   

Erectile Dysfunction ( Ed ) - 1017 Words

I have selected erectile dysfunction (ED) as my topic of discussion this week. ED is such a prevalent health issue, there are so may myths regarding the issue. One of the most common myths that I think we may all have heard of from our elderly patients â€Å"I can get it up because I am just too old†. I hope to further explore this health issue and be able to provide knowledge information to our patients in the future. Below is a helpful link that can assess how much we know about the facts of ED. I scored very low the first time before exploring further marterials regarding the topic. Give it a try, and then read the information below afterwards. http://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/rm-quiz-erectile-dysfunction ED is a very common sexual dysfunction, is occurs in men. The chances of ED increase with age, however, it is not an unavoidable part of aging. ED can be inability, inconsistent ability or able to maintain brief period of erection that is firm enough for sexual intercourse (Arcangelo, 2013). ED can increase stress, decrease self-confidence and leads to relationship problems. It could be the initial signs and symptoms of other health issues (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Causes and pathophysiology ED is any disruption during the sequence of events: nerve impulses from the brain travel through the spinal column stimulate the muscles, veins, arteries and fibrous tissues. The combination of physical and psychological put one at risk for ED (Arcangelo, 2013). Physical causesShow MoreRelatedErectile Dysfunction : Causes, Effects, And A Focus On Treatments2324 Words   |  10 PagesErectile Dysfunction: Causes, Effects, and a Focus on Treatments â€Å"Sex.† The media portrays sex to be easy, problem-less, and enjoyable all the time. Although this may be the case for some, for others, sex can be a serious struggle. Research shows that sexual dysfunction is common with 43% of women and 31% of men (DiMeo, 2006). In addition, around 10% of men aged 40 to 70 years old have complete erectile dysfunction, yet very few seek medical help (O’Leary, Barada, Costabile, 1996). SexualRead MoreUse Of Diction And Its Effects On Adult Men With Erectile Dysfunction1139 Words   |  5 Pagestowards adult men with erectile dysfunction, abbreviated ED (Medicines - EMC). It is stated that about 30 million men in the United States suffer from ED (Viagra). In Viagra commercials and advertisements, blunt diction is utilized to highlight the common insecurities of men, which creates this idea that in order to fulfill one’s manliness, then an individual would have to take Viagra. In this particular advertisement, I noticed key ploys to entice a man suffering from ED to take Viagra as a meansRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood Sexuality1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfrequently with increasing age, and the best way to overcome any difficulties is through open communication with your partner, which can bring a couple closer together than ever before. Sexual difficulties come in all forms. The common term, sexual dysfunction, is defined as problems that interfere with the initiation, consummation, or satisfaction with sex. They occur in both men and women and are independent of sexual orientation (Davidson, 2003). As men grow older, a decrease in their hormone levelsRead MoreHypertension ( Htn ) Is A Major Public Health Issue Affecting 70 Million African American Males Essay2139 Words   |  9 Pagesdiagnosed with HTN also have a diagnosis of erectile dysfunction (ED), both of which when left untreated can have a negative impact on quality of life. ED has been defined by Adebusoye et al., (2012), the lack of sufficient sexual intercourse due to inability of a penile erection in male. Compounding the high incidence of HTN and ED among African-American males, is the problem of non-adherence to prescribed anti-hypertensive medications. Real or perceived ED associated with the adverse side effectsRead MoreThe Problem Of Erectile Dysfunction1165 Words   |  5 Pagesclaims? See details in the review! Erectile dysfunction otherwise known as impotence is a common problem among men. Studies have shown that the probability for men to be affected by ED, at some point in their life is high. Similarly, ED has affected as many as 80 million men worldwide. There are direct causes of ED and there are also risk factors, which everyman is exposed to, to impotence. Many synthetic pharmaceuticals have been formulated to manage the problems of ED. On the other hand, there areRead MoreNursing Interventions And Research : Erectile Dysfunction1479 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: NURSING INTERVENTIONS AND RESEARCH: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION Nursing Interventions and Research: Erectile Dysfunction Sarah Camp, Lauren Urban, Kaylin Camacho NURSING INTERVENTIONS AND RESEARCH: ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION 2 Nursing Interventions and Research: Erectile Dysfunction Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a common male sexual dysfunction that typically occurs later in adulthood and is characterized by the inability toRead MoreCauses And Treatment Of Erectile Dysfunction1015 Words   |  5 PagesCauses and Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction By Michael Guralnik | Submitted On October 28, 2013 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Erectile Dysfunction It refers to the inability of a male to sustainRead MorePrescribing Drugs And Its Effects On Children1739 Words   |  7 Pageswhat are the risks? Well, besides the many well-known side effects, including stunted growth, sleep problems, personality changes, suicidal thoughts, heart attacks and strokes, doctors have now added priapism and the possibility of permanent erectile dysfunction to the list. ADHD drugs and priapism According to this press release from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, many ADHD drugs, including those containing methylphenidate products, atomoxetine, and even those containing amphetamine productsRead MoreThe Fight For Erectile Dysfunction Medicines944 Words   |  4 Pagesand regular revolution is sweeping the marketplace for erectile dysfunction medicines - Cialis. Most men and women would possibly not even be conscious of it. Lilly ICOS, the pharmaceutical alliance, which launched the blockbuster drug Cialis, announced that the drug has executed 1 b illion bucks in international revenue when you consider that launching in Europe less than two years back. Correctly Cialis has end up the top Erectile Dysfunction healing in France, because January 2005, centered on theRead MoreErectile Dysfunction ( Impotence )1262 Words   |  6 PagesErectile dysfunction (impotence) is the inability to get and keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Male sexual arousal is a complex process that involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles and blood vessels. Erectile dysfunction can result from a problem with any of these. Likewise, stress and mental health concerns can cause or worsen erectile dysfunction. Having erection issues can cause stress, affect your self-confidence and contribute to relationship problems. Recent