Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl - Essay Example Nevertheless, there is a woman who has been through better situations as a slave during her childhood that influenced and shaped her life which she revealed in her autobiography. Harriet Jacobs was born in a slave family but was raised with so much love and good bearing. She enjoyed the love her mother who unfortunately died while Jacobs was still young. She was also lavished with the care and concern of her grandmother who seemed to have thought of nobody else but her family. Moreover, she was also privileged to have such a wonderful mistress who taught her how to read and write. These early experiences shaped her to become a respected slave girl who was not only praise-worthy for her work but also for her principles and wit. She later became known among the slaves to be able to read and write that her help was often sought. For instance, there was a time when rumors were heard that there are white men who were interested in helping slaves. With the desire of every slave to gain his freedom, they wanted to verify the information. However, as slaves, they were not able to read. Therefore, they asked Jacobs to read the papers for them and help them to know more about the help being offered. In addition, there was also a Black man who sought her to teach him how to read and write because he wanted to read the Bible. However, such advantages were not the only things that the author encountered. There were so many difficulties that she went through which made her decide to do things which she might not have don under better or different circumstances. First, when she was used by her master as a sex object, being abused not only physically but emotionally and psychologically, she despised him so much that she extremely wanted to have her freedom. With her master not wanting to sell her though, she was hard-pressed on a decision that she thought would become her way of escape. She decided to bear children for a white man who showed goodness to her however, this prove d to be of no help at all. Instead, it became a source of more burdens as she now have the responsibilities of protecting and providing for her children. This shows the difficult situations which could drive slaves to do unimaginable things that they would have never thought about. Initially, Jacobs sought to free herself from the loathsome treatments of her masters, with the male sexually taking advantage of her and the wife being angry and intensely suspicious and jealous of her. However, instead of freeing herself, she made her situation more complicated by having children with a white man. Filled with jealousy and anger, her master never wanted to give her up to other masters although the wife would have gladly released her. Although Jacobs’ intentions were good, she failed to consider that her master would still continue to be very possessive of her despite what she did. Consequently, she was never given the freedom she desired instead, brought her more misery because he r master used the children as instruments to keep her as his possession as a revenge to her. Despite her sufferings though, Jacobs never gave up but braved the thought of abandoning her children to her grandmother’s care if only to prevent them from eternally suffering in the hands of her old master. When she heard that it was planned that her masters were to bring her children to her dwelling place, she ran away and hid herself in the residence of a trusted friend. Although she and her family have been through a lot

Planning and implementing classroom meetings Essay Example for Free

Planning and implementing classroom meetings Essay Class room meetings do provide a perfect forum for the establishment of a conducive learning environment in the school scenario. It does give the learners a perfect environment for them to practice their communication and socialization skills which are in cooperated in the teaching curriculum. The class meetings are meant to serve some purposes which are listed below. Purpose of the class meetings: The main purpose or major aim for class meetings is to try and resolve some key discipline problems that are encountered in the learning environment. The class meetings do therefore create the required environment for the teacher and learners to work together in trying to resolve some problems that are always encountered in the school scenario for example discipline problems whereby learners harass other learners in class or during play time, making noise that disturbs the learning environment negatively and other incidents. Through the class meetings, an approach is created whereby the teacher and the learners try to resolve the first few incidents of misbehavior before they do get out of hand. An example of a minor conflict that can get out of hand and become a major full scale discipline problem is the case whereby a given learner is constantly being bullied by other learners who happen to have bigger and stronger bodies as compared to him/her. If this kind of vice continues for some time then it is likely to lead that particular learner to a state of being depressed and feeling unwanted in that environment. Once the learner enters the state of being depressed then he/she is likely to start using drugs to escape the state of depression and sometimes it can lead the learner to dropping out of school. Therefore, when a meeting is held in the class, it serves a purpose of trying to guide and counsel the learners to avoid such vices and treat each other fairly with some equity in order to create a more conducive environment for learning. The class meetings do also serve a purpose of facilitating and creating a positive relationship in the learning environment. The meetings provide an opportunity for the learners and the teachers to be able to build some form of trust, respect and confidence in each other which leads to the creation of a warm and caring environment. The confidence created by the class meetings leads to the creation of an environment that is full of mutual understanding thereby enabling all the class members to make statements or state opinions freely without feeling unsecure. Classroom meetings do develop closer relationships between the learners and even between the learners and their teachers. This closer relationships come when the learners are discussing issues or are having conversations in a relaxed manner whereby they do talk of where they come from, about their families and there general background. This relationships end up creating a class that is manageable since the involved parties do get to know and understand each other accordingly. A good example is when a teacher holds a meeting with her kindergarten learners; at first the children are not so free with the teacher. They tend to create and keep a certain distance between them and the teacher. A teacher may ask them to respond to some question but they choose to be quiet and not that they do not know the response, but they could not be free with the teacher. But if she holds some meetings with them whereby she addresses them warmly then she is bound to break the communication barrier between her and the young learners. This ends up creating a relationship of mutual benefit between the learners and the teacher. (Marshal 2001). Through class meetings, learners do acquire important development skills. The skills include the ability to listen attentively and to have an understanding of each other. As the class meetings go on, learners discover that if they do not pay attention or listen carefully and attentively to what the others are saying, then they are meant to lose some key interesting points and some humorous contributions. ( Marshall 2001). Class meetings also have a purpose in enabling the learners to develop other skill for example reflecting listening whereby a learner is supposed to paraphrase what he/she had heard earlier on from a classmate. This skill enables the learner to listen with some form of understanding. A reflective dialogue also enables the learner to develop a clear and concise speech which is an important element in the art of communication. It enables the learner to know that if there speech is not clear then there point may not be understood properly or clearly and therefore they won’t be able to make their point or view known (Marshall 2001). Learners gain skills that enable them to be team players. When they are holding discussions in the class meetings, the various opinions that they give from their point of view and contributions that they make helps them in cultivating the team spirits. Objectives of class meetings. Classroom meetings do have some objectives that serve to improve the life of the learners and teachers in the learning environment. The objectives are meant to: Improve the general communication skills of the learners. The communication skills include the listening and speaking skills. When the learners are participating in the discussion of issues that affect them in school they not only nurture their speaking skills but also their listening skills which are an integral component in the learning environment. The listening skills enable the learners to pay close attention to what the others in class are trying to communicate. Provide opportunities for the learners to develop skills for insightful, creative and critical speaking (Marshall 2001). Classroom meetings provide a platform that enables learners to practice their speaking skills. When the learners are engaged in debates during the class meetings or when they are asked by the teacher to give their own views on some given issues, it does give them that opportunity that enables them to improve and even cultivate better speaking skills. Their creativity is improved when they are asked to give solutions and provide a way forward for some critical issues that affect their well-being in school. Create an opportunity for the learners to interact respectfully and promote their team work spirit. The interaction with each other in class meetings enables the learners to understand each other from all perspectives. Team work spirit enables them to be team players and to work together in resolving any problems and miss-understandings that they face not only in school but also in the outside world also where they meet bigger and tougher challenges. Foster social skills for example reducing shyness (Marshall 2001). Classroom meetings enable learners to interact positively through participating in conversations and debates in class which enable them to overcome their shyness as they become more confident in holding discussions. The more the learners participate in class meetings, the more they overcome their shyness. Classroom meetings build a trusting and caring relationship between the learner and the teacher. When the teacher holds a meeting to discuss with the learner issues that do affect them in a friendly way them the relationship between the teacher and the learner is bound to improve. The learners will free being with that teacher which is a necessary requirement for the learning process to be more effective. The learners will be free to ask the teacher any question which they do not understand and in turn the teacher will do what is required of him/her professionally. Agenda of classroom meetings. Agenda, from the view of class meetings is a term meant to refer to the different matters that affect the learners and are meant to be solved during meetings through giving suggestions, discussing them or using any other appropriate way to solve them. Class meetings are designed in such a way that they try to improve the learning environment and change it positively beginning with the students themselves. Teachers have their own agendas for classroom, for example the teachers use the meetings to gain some instructional objectives from the learners (Marshall 2001). Instructional objectives are obtained when the teacher asks the learners questions that pertain the class meeting or the lessons held in class. For example the teacher can ask the learners to give suggestions on how they could make the next lesson better than the present one. It gives the learners the opportunity to reflect in their minds and try to give suggestions that will help improve the next lesson. This kind of reflection also helps those kids who easily switch of from the current events to other ones that are not part of the class meetings. When they are asked to give suggestion concerning the betterment of the meeting then they are likely to linger on when that lesson or meeting is held since they gave a suggestion concerning it. Teachers can also have other agendas like setting up the tone of a class for learning. This is particularly an important agenda especially when a given class is a very difficult class to manage for example a class that is full of mischief from the learners. If a class meeting is held at the beginning of the learning process, then the teacher might be successful in implementing some rules that will be used through the learning exercise and set the right tone for the learning process from the beginning of that session to the very end (Marshall 2001). Having Class meetings can also have agendas that involve learners discussing on the right approach for them to use in doing their assignments and in reviewing them. For example they can discuss whether it is appropriate for them to hold discussions as a whole class in order to do review an assignment that they had done earlier on or it will be appropriate for them to do the assignments in smaller groups or it will be more appropriate for them to do them individually through research. Such an agenda enables the learners to find a better way of handling their class work, a way that will benefit them more. They also get to give reasons why they think a given approach will benefit them more than the other approaches. Also in the class meeting agenda, the way of dealing with minor problems should be spoken about or discussed. Dealing with class room misbehaviors should be an agenda. In some cases, especially when dealing with young learners of lower classes, a teacher gets complaints like â€Å"teacher this one is squeezing my hand†. Both the learners and the teacher should agree on what to do during such incidents. When the learners decide for themselves, it becomes a sure way of controlling some vices in the class room as they will be conscious of what they will be doing in class and will obviously try as much as possible to avoid getting into trouble. Formulating questions. The purpose, objectives and goals of the meeting should be clear to the teacher in order to enable him/her to formulate the right kind of questions that will enable him/her to achieve all the goals of the meetings. The teacher must formulate open ended questions. Open ended questions invite a discussion and are the best when holding a class meeting as they require more than just an answer. They let the learners to give explanations as to why they feel as they feel. (Marshall 2001). Closed ended questions are those that require simple answers only. They do not elicit any explanations from the learners. They require a yes or no answer. Such questions should be avoided at all times. They do not even play a simple role of nurturing the creativity of the learners. The open ended questions help a lot in improving the creativity of the learners as they give room for the learners to think widely and try to come up with the right solutions or answer to a given problem. The teacher should therefore formulate open-ended questions. An example of open ended questions is a question that begins with â€Å"Why? † or â€Å"How? †. This way, a justification is given by the student and at the end does show that the student did do some thinking or reasoning. The teacher should also formulate questions that seek for clarification. A learner should try to explain the reasons why they chose on a given answer. In other words, the learner should not only give a flat answer but also explain that answer and try to clarify it more. Some learners have a tendency of letting their minds wonder far off from the events that are currently taking place in class and once they are asked to answer a given question they ask their neighbors in class and give an answer that serves the purpose of redeeming them from some shame. If a teacher formulates questions that seek clarification then the learner’s attention will most likely be captured to end of the meeting. Length, time and frequency Length, time and frequency of a class meeting depends on the class and age of the learners, the nature of that group, the kind of interests that they have during the meetings and the type or nature of topic that is being discussed. Meetings for young children, for example those in kindergarten should be planned and held for around ten minutes while the one for older learners i. e. those in higher classes can be held for a longer time, about twenty minutes. (Marshall 2001). The meetings should always be held at the same time as planned or as in schedule. For example, some teachers do hold meetings before the class breaks for lunch, at the end of the period or when the day ends. Teachers, who handle middle and high school classes, hold meetings at the beginning of every class in order to discuss how the learners are faring on and to check on the progress of the class projects. These meetings that are held at the beginning of the class in co-operate the learners into the planning process which leads to increase in the learning processes even though only a few minutes are spared for a discussion. According to Marshall, the elementary classes should hold meetings on a daily basis as a way of keeping them in track. It checks on their behavior and if they are doing what they are supposed to do in school. Marshall also argues that if the middle and high school classes do not hold meetings on a regular basis then they will be depriving themselves of the so many advantages that do come with the meetings when they are held regularly. Physical environment. The physical environment should be created in a satisfactory manner. The kind of physical environment created should guarantee the meeting some quality. For example if a teacher decides to create a circle or to adopt a circle format for the meeting, then it is obvious that the meeting will have a high quality attached to it since the learners see each other face to face and are therefore able to read each other’s expressions as well as hear the words that are being spoken in a better way as compared to them being seated in rows and facing the teacher whereby the learners won’t be able to see the ones who are contributing from the back of the class (Marshall 2001) When the learners are seated in rows, they will squirm around to see the person contributing from the back. This leads to lack of concentration that is a necessity in the discussion. Therefore, teachers should adopt an environment that is more effective for the discussion to be of a greater success. A circle format for the sitting arrangement is the best for holding class meetings. Furniture. Desks are a barrier to open discussions in class. They should be moved in order to pave way for a circle. The learners should only use their chairs if the meeting is to be more effective. For the younger learners, those in lower grades, sitting on the floor will be more effective in that movement will be minimal from them. It will also save time for moving desks and chairs since they are young and do not know the value of time. (Marshall 2001). Role of the teacher. The major role of the teacher is to facilitate the meeting. For example, the teacher has to monitor the learners, pose the right questions and give the right answers to the learners. The teacher has to ensure that the right comments are made to every student who attempts to bring something into the discussion. If a teacher comments on only one learner’s contribution and ignores the other, then that student is bound to believe that his contribution was not worthwhile. The teacher has to conclude the meeting. He/she has to summarize all the points that have been discussed and to make sure that all the learners understand all that has been discussed. Role of the student. The student plays a role in implementing what has been discussed and agreed upon. If the meeting set an agenda on keeping silence in class, then the learner has to try and be silent. If they agreed on how cleaning of classrooms should be done then the learner has a role to play to make sure that all is a success. Closing the meeting. The teacher should give a summary of the whole meeting on what has been agreed upon. The teacher could also draw a consensus or just state the agreed solution in a problem solving meeting. It serves to reinforce the discussions of the meeting. Evaluation. At the end of the meeting, the teacher should ask himself or herself some questions that reflect on the meeting and are meant to improve skills. For example: are the learners expressing their own opinions? Are the students displaying any evidence of insightful thinking? (Marshall 2001). The teacher can also asses the level of participation of the learners i. e. if they all took part in the discussion. In conclusion, class meetings are an important part in the creation of a conducive learning environment. When meetings are held with the learners, they not only check on the behavior of the learners but also improve the relationship of the learners and the teacher which is an important aspect in the teacher student relationship. References. Marshall, M. (2001). Classroom meetings. .New York: Piper Press.

Which Computer Is The Fastest :: essays research papers

Which Computer Is The Fastest What computer is the fastest? What computer is the easiest to use? What computer is number one in education, and multimedia? That's right, the Macintosh line of computers. A strong competitor in the realm of computing for a number of years, the Macintosh is still going strong. The reasons are apparent, and numerous. For starters, who wants a computer with no power? Macintosh sure doesn't! Independent tests prove that today's Power Macintosh computers, based on the PowerPC processor, outperform comparable machines based on the Intel Pentium processor. In a benchmark test, conducted in June 1995, using 10 applications available for both Macintosh, and Windows 3.1 systems, the 120-megahertz Power Macintosh 9500/120 was, on average, 51 percent faster than a 120-megahertz Pentium processor based PC. The 132-megahertz Power Macintosh 9500/132 was 80 percent faster when running scientific and engineering applications, and 102 percent faster when running graphics and publishing applications. You can understand why the education market is almost entirely apple based.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recent surveys confirm that from kindergarten through college, Apple has cornered the market in education, and remains number one in this U.S. market. Apple Macintosh computers account for 60% of the 5.9 million machines in U.S. schools for the 1995-96 school year. Only 29% of schools use the Microsoft/Intel platform, and DOS only accounts for a measly 11%. Also it was reported that 18.4% of 4 year college students own the Macintosh. 55% of college students own a computer, and Apple's in the lead for that market too! The reason Apple says for this continued success is the Mac's ease of use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no doubt that the Macintosh is the easiest computer around. The scrolling menu bar is the first example. If a Macintosh menu is too long to fit on the screen, you can scroll down to see all of the items. Windows 95 menus, by contrast, don't scroll up or down. So if you put too many items into the Windows 95 Start button, some will remain out of reach, permanently! Windows 95 hierarchical menus can become confusing as they become more crowded. When you install many applications onto a PC, so they form two columns from the Start Programs menu, the menus may not be able to flow well together. You'll have to jump quickly across from menu list to menu list, which can be difficult to do. The second example I site is the better integration of hardware and software. Because Apple makes both the hardware and the operating system, the two work together easily; when a change is made at the hardware level, the software

Should we prohibit the development of the cyber command

Should we prohibit the development of the cyber command? BY kus09453 Cyber warfare Cyber warfare has been defined as any hostile measures against an enemy designed† to discover, alter, destory, disrupt or transfer data stored in a computer, manipulated by a computer or transmitted through a computer. † Examples of hostile use include computer attacks on air traffic control systems, on oil pipeline flow systems and nuclear plants. Cyber Weapon Cyber weapons includes computer viruses and software that can be used to penetrate enemy networks.Defining these tools as weapons, as opposed to systems or processes, allows the military to apply the same authorisation controls as they apply to conventional weapons such as guns and tanks. Cyber command Cyber command has been defined as a command for network which subordinate to the state. They have three tasks, attack, defence and development. Lets use the first establishment of cyber command, the US Cyber Command, to be an example t o explain. US Cyber Command centralizes command of cyberspace operation and organizes existing cyber resources, these can help for the network developmant.In the defence side, US Cyber Command synchronizes defense of US military and the US government services networks, to comfirm that US will be safe under any situations. In the attack side, it also include that the background why Cyber Command had aroused the international concern. In 2010, It has waged cyberwar. US Cyber Command postponed the development of nuclear weapon of Iran. It involves hacking and attack. This aggressive action had aroused international concern. Why We chose this topic because of Edward Joseph Snowden. He was an NSA system administrator.He was wanted by USA because he published th of the U. S. classified intelligence to public. He came to Hong Kong to publish these secret file. This action had aroused international concern, including us. He had published the PRISM project which U. S. is preparing to do. U. S. can through PRISM to get all the data about us, like e-mail, file, video, login information. Also, he said that U. S. has developed over 2000 cyber weapon to destroy computer system. We are interested in this because we think our privacy are not save and our national security is threatened .This resentation will focus on whether we should prohibit the development of Cyber Command as a part of Cyberwarfare. Later on, Jacky will discuss about cyber command in different perspective. Conclusion We disagree with prohibiting the development of Cyber Command but should be focus on the defensive purpose and the technology development. Since the offensive provocation could lead to real war, the offensive development should be prohibited. We think that enhancing the national cyber technology is very important. Cyber weapon meets an objective which would require spy or the use of force.Such actions include theft of data and destroy of data. Theft of data or intellectual property, such as pr oprietary information of a business, classified information of a government or military. Destruction of data or programs on the system, less frequently, damage to the computer hardware, in the most extreme case, damage to an electromechanical or process control system such that a serious industrial accident results in loss of life or major economic damages. To protect the citizens' right and their life, to prevent the terrorist attack national computer systems, the development of Cyber Command s necessary.Predicted Future In the future, we predict that first, every countries will develop cyber command overtly or covertly, because we are in cyber era, it is necessary to have a cyber command to deal with the network security problem. second, cyberwar may lead to real war as Ken mentioned. third, National security agencies and law enforcement agencies will promote cooperation, because they need to deal with the privacy problem. In the following time, I am going to analysis the problem in social interest perspective and national security perspective.But before that, I will talk about the development of cyber command first. In the past, Cyber Command in different countries were mainly focus on the defensive purpose. They Just want to improve the firewall, to improve their network security and thus to thwart cyber attack. But in recent years, they have been starting to change the focus to offensive purpose. They are actively to develop different cyber weapons and hacking others computer system to collect information. The U. S. Cyber Command has a monitoring program to collect data and to know someone's whereabouts.Their targets are not only the important member of other countries, but also the citizens. The media in U. S. disclosed that they has been monitoring 9 Internet service providers user database, which including G-mail in google, yahoo email, skype, facebook etc. What you have done in the computer is possible to be monitored. Our personal privacy is infringe d and it is the right of everyone. Therefore , in the social interest perspective, the development of Cyber Command should be stop. But, in the National security perspective, the US government explained that the onitoring program is used for against Terrorism.They hack in some database system and get the information about the terrorists in order to track them and thus to avoid terrorist attack. Besides that, developing Cyber Command can improve the protection of the national computer system. One ot the task ot the Cyber Command is to protect the whole country's network by filtering some harmful website, e-mails. In other words, they protect the citizen computers from attacking by others. The citizen will be more save to do online shopping or something else. And also prevent the leak of national secret ocuments.As US government reported that they had been received several times of attack by China, some of the secret documents may be copied, which threaten the national security of US. An air force general asked why we should wait for the attack from others and take response to it? He then suggested an idea, â€Å"Offense is the best defense† and there is a term of this defense, we called active cyber defense. They has developed many cyber weapons and has been actively hacking other countries computer systems with the â€Å"Defensive purpose†. It is undoubtedly that it is effective for national security.The development of Cyber Command also help to enhance the technology level. The better hacking skills, stronger firewall is for better protection to the nation. But it is not Just benefit to the security aspect. The task of development of Cyber Command not Just the attack skill and cyber weapon, but also the improvement of both the speed, the memory size of computer, and the transmission speed of internet. It is benefit to the evolution of human technology level. I have mentioned many advantages if developing the Cyber Command, but there are some pos sible disadvantages to national security.First, the Cyber Command may threaten to the national security itself. Since whole national computer system is controlled by them, they can hack in the military system and then dominate the whole country. Second, we cannot completely control the action of hackers in the Cyber Command. If they attack the banking system so as to obtain benefit, we may not know who did it as they have the best hacking skills. Also, they may sell the secret national documents to other countries implicitly to obtain benefit. Then, Ken will discuss the problem in another perspectives. In political perspective, it is concerned the relations between countries.Firstly, prohibit the development of Cyber Command can maintain world peace. If we do not prohibit this development, it will destroy partnership between countries. Cyber weapons mean monitoring computer system, stealing private information or destroying program system. When a government uses cyber weapons, it th reatens other countries because they doubt their secret national documents have been divulged and blame the country which using cyber weapons. Also, hacking is a serious problem and may damage international relation. Due to hacking, the country which its system was hacked must stop the cooperation with the hacking country.If countries use cyber weapons more frequently, their distrust between countries must be increased. This provocation is possible to wage real war, the world peace is destroyed. However, the development of Cyber Command will be of benefit to a country. If a country can hold a strong cyber-military, it can strengthen international status. Besides, a country develops Cyber Command to steal other national secret information, they can clearly know other countries' situations then it can enhance ore influence on the determinations in international affairs.Developing Cyber Command also protect interests and dignity of nation. When a country can prevent cyber-attack from o ther countries, they protect their interests and dignity. The next is economic perspective. In this point of view, developing Cyber Command need to increase government expenditure because they must use super computer in Cyber Command. Oppositely, it can increase employment rate in I. T. industry because it need a lot of experts in computer to wage cyber-attack or defend hacking. Also, it can protect financial service.Many financial activities like stock market are controlled by computer system, if there is cyber-attack to these financial activities, it will make a huge economic loss. Therefore, we need to develop Cyber Command for defending cyber-attack, it can avoid economic loss. Four perspectives on development of cyber command have been discussed. Now, I will talk the complexity on this topic. We find two dilemmas in developing Cyber Command, world peace versus national benefit and privacy versus security. I talk about world peace versus national benefit first.If we hope for wor ld peace, we should not wage any types of war including cyber war. Even though cyber warfare will not make actual harm such as casualties, it will cause bad relation between different countries. Consequently, the real war occurs because relations between countries have been destroyed. But countries can get benefits in cyber war. On the other hand, some governments think monitoring is a good way to maintain national security. However, citizens do not agree that they are monitored by the government because they do not want to lose their freedoms and privacies.

Identity and Belonging of Interracial Children

Author is going to discuss the topic of biracial/ interracial children in 21 century. It is very common topic at this stage as multiculturalism become more popular and spreading all around the globe. Multiculturalism is â€Å"global shifts of power, population and culture in the area of globalization and â€Å"post colonialism†, as nations around the world establish independence in the wake of the decline of Western empires.Globalization transforms previously homogeneous cities or regions into complex meeting grounds for different ethnic, racial, religious, and national groups, challenging the political and cultural system to accommodate this diversity†(Jay 2010, pp 1). It’s simply means the moving and mixing of the people of different race and religion all around the world. Multiculturalism has its ups and downs. In some way it is good that all people are mixing as in economic way countries are getting stronger when more educated people coming into politics.The recognition that society’s becoming multiethnic is not just about economics, people have understand that a lot of difficulties concerning ethnicity, identity and race has become an issue (Modood 2007). Raising biracial children arose from our observation that while the multiracial population is increasing we are missing a systematic understanding of the self and social identity development process among mixed race children (Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). Identity is about the understandings people maintain in relation to who they are, and what is important to them. There are two types of identity: self and social identity.Social Identity refers to the characteristic given to individual by others. Self identity refers to someone who is different from others or as a unique individual. Individual identities play an important role in forming a mature and healthy personality (Marcia 1980). Biracial children have particular difficult time during adolescence, due in part to lack o f a clearly defined social identity (McRoy and Freeman 1986). Children’s identity development is dependent on having a secure sense of who they are, where they come from, and how their families and communities accept them.The development for biracial children can be more complicated than those of single-race children. Biracial people develop a sense of identity on one of three ways. They can select one identity, a state called singular identity. They can develop a protean identity, where behavior and racial/ethnic identity varies by situation. Or they can decide not to be concerned with issues of racial / ethnic identity at all and take on a transcendent identity (Fisher and Lerner 2005). Biracial children are born from parents whose racial groups are different from each other.Children of dual heritage may have identity problems related to feelings of uncertainty surrounding their ethnicity. Biracial children in the midst of their identity formation, vulnerable as they contin ue to struggle in a culture that is still partially closed to them. Often interracial children can be negatively affected by feeling the pressure to take a single identity. Children are faced with problems that tend to produce reactions of guilt, insecurity, anxiety, and emotional instability.Biracial children would like to identify with both parents but find themselves torn between the loyalty they owe each parent. Since they cannot identity with both parents, the child feels resentment towards one or both parents while at the same time , they may feel guilty towards the parent with whom they do not identify (Clauss-Ehlers 2009). Children learn about race true their interaction with others. Major influence on development of identity has parents, teachers and social groups. Within the context of these interactions, they come to understand who they are in this world.Wardle (1989) says that today, parents assume one of three positions as to the identity of their interracial children. Some insist that their child is above all and that race or ethnicity is irrelevant, while others choose to raise their children with the identity of the parent of color. Another growing group of parents is insisting that the child have the ethnic, racial, cultural and genetic heritage of both parents. Biracial children pass through a series of stages in developing their sense of racial/ethnic identity.These stages are simply the development milestones that all children pass through, including color differentiation, racial awareness, self-and race awareness and personal evaluation (Johnson, 1992). Their sense of identity is also shaped by existing social categories that to some extent limit the perception of options that are available for racial definition. For example if child is half Afro-American and half Asian, if he or she has dark skin and have more look likes as African in the social world they will be accepted as African American , even thought child would consider different option.Tiger Woods is excellent example of it. When he was asked if it bothered him, the only child of a black America father and Thai mother, to be labeled African American. He answered ‘yes’. Woods created acronym â€Å"Cablunacian†, to reflect the fact that he is actually one eight Caucasian, one fourth black, one eight American Indian, and one half Asian (Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). All children form interracial marriages encounter problems identifying themselves and preserving their cultural heritage (Kerwin et al. 1993). Especially in adolescence time when children starts to identify who they are and where they belong to.It is very hard for them to identify them self’s because society tends to put people into convenient categories but biracial individuals do not belong to one. When growing up children might feel like second class individuals and be rejected. According to Wardle (1989), experts do not agree as to what the biracial child identity should be. Some believe an interracial child should have the identity of the parent of color because historically that has been the case, and also because society these children as having the identity of the parent of color.However, others have argued that the identity of any child is based on an accurate presentation of his or her true background. Life can be hard for biracial children as they are sometimes pegged as not â€Å"black† enough to hang with black kids, or not â€Å"white† enough to hang with the white children. So they are stuck between a rock & a hard place struggling to fit into a particular click. Fitting in is very important during this age & their self esteem can be severely crippled if they don’t find a group of friends they can relate with.Although now, society tends to more accept interracial individuals as they become more familiar with them and its becoming more and more common(Rockquemore and Laszloffy 2005). One more problem which famil y face is raising multi-racial child with religion. It is common that different religions are mixing, but this can lead to a lot of problems. Two marred individuals with different religion views might not experience any problems between them self’s but it is very important to raise child without any pressure. In bi-racial homes, it is prudent to celebrate festivals of both the partners.Both should try to understand the religion of the other and allow him or her to celebrate as per belief. The child should also be encouraged to learn both the religions and cultures and should be allowed to select between the two and to follow whatever he/she is comfortable with. Ethnicity and identity issues are not new to us, it is been around for many years and for as long as we live, we have to deal with these matters. There will forever be differences between us since we are born in different families, cultures, countries and different continents.Mixed race children face challenges. Resear ch indicates that biracial children embrace all the components of their heritage. Parents play a very important role in the child identity level because they spend most of their time with their children. Therefore, it is very important to provide biracial children positive role models. In a community where biculturalism is accepted, children do not experience any difficulties in growing up (Ladner 1984). Especially now day’s people have to understand and accept the fact that population of multicultural individuals is increasing.

5 New Reasons To Love CoSchedule [Feature Updates] - CoSchedule Blog

5 New Reasons To Love [Feature Updates] Blog It’s been a busy few months at . We’ve been pushing out features and updates like a beast! Here’s the big list from January, February, March, and April so you can easily stay in the loop with what’s new and awesome at ! 5 New Reasons To Love Your #1 most requested integration, Pinterest, was added to the social queue. We added a sleek new feature to the social queue to help gauge the health of your message schedule. developers worked their magic on the app to make your calendar run even faster and even developed two insanely smart features- Best Time Scheduling and Social Templates- to save you endless hours and make your social messages robust and wicked smart. 1. Schedule Your Pins On Pinterest Your #1 most requested integration is now officially part of the editorial calendar! Save tons of time, with our Pinterest integration, and schedule your Pins directly from . Share visual content from any posts or piece of content to help Pinners discover your blog. You can now save a ton of time by scheduling Pins to #Pinterest with .Use to plan out all your Pins so you can share with your audience at the right time.  And even schedule Pins from around the web to share with your audience with the Chrome Extension social curation tool! Recommended Read:  The Ultimate Guide On How To Use Pinterest For Marketing 2. Gauge The Health Of Your Social Media Schedule Next on our list of updates is the Gas Gauge! Scheduling social media can be slow and tedious. Even more, it can be hard to know if you have the right balance of social messages for your content. To solve  that challenge, we built the Social Queue, and now, its got an even sleeker design to track the health of your social media schedule. With this sleek NEW design, the gas gauge will: Give you a quick snapshot of the total number of unsent messages (no more guessing). Tell you when you need to add more to your social queue. Gauge the health of your social schedule with red, yellow, and green indicators, ensuring you get the most traffic for your effort. Make your life A LOT  easier. 3. Is Better, Faster, Stronger ’s app is better, FASTER, stronger. The calendar is your bread and butter, and we want to make sure that the calendar you use every day gets better and better- even if all the magic takes place under the hood where no one sees it. So while this isn’t the coolest announcement, ’s Ember.js updates will make your life a lot easier. Your editorial calendar is faster than ever!4. Schedule Dozens Of Social Media Messages In Bulk Not only is getting faster, it’s getting smarter. Many of you  have a love-hate relationship with social scheduling- it’s repetitive and tedious- and yet you  know it’s extremely important to your content marketing strategy. As of April though, that love-hate relationship has turned into a love-love relationship. :) Yep, no joke.

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Example

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Example Knowledge and Emotion Essay Knowledge and Emotion Essay There can be no knowledge without emotion Until we have felt the force of the knowledge it is not ours (adapted from Arnold Bennett). Discuss this vision of the relationship between knowledge and emotion. TTS-PUB 16 January 2009 word count: 1, 596 Knowledge and emotion have always had deeply rooted connections between each other in my perspective. When one attaches emotions to a knowledge claim, one believes in this claim more strongly, once the fundamentals of knowledge claims are understood. To understand the relation between knowledge and emotion is to further ones own understanding of the importance of both knowledge and emotion n our lives. In attempts to further explain myself, I feel It most suitable to start somewhere In the middle, and work simultaneously backwards and forwards until the ends of the loops connect In a more sensible fashion. To backtrack, It Is necessary to look at what exactly knowledge Is In order to understand Its relation to emotions. Knowledge, as a Platonic definition, is justified true belief, and quite simply summarizes the three qualities that a claim must have in order for it to be knowledge. First, a claim must be Justified, meaning either one of two things. The first way a claim can be Justified is y physically testing it, meaning that one must try it, and it must happen in the same manner more than once. The second way of Justifying a claim is by mere understanding, and recognizing that it makes sense in our world, based on similar proven claims. Knowledge claims must also have truth, meaning that the event must occur over and over again with constant results, In order to instill faith that if it were to be repeated again, the same results would be obtained. The final component of a knowledge claim Is belief, which means that people must believe it to be true. These here things are what combine to make facts that we know, to become recognized and accepted as general knowledge within society. To backtrack further still, the definition of emotion is equally as crucial to discovering the relationship between these two words. Emotion is essentially a mental attitude which is a response to a feeling, meaning it is a physical reaction. Emotion is thus a key component in faith, and ties in closely with the concept of belief in knowledge. Now, to begin moving forwards, it is necessary to find the link between the two. Upon first reading, the Idea of knowledge and emotion being closely linked seems ere straight-forward. Both emotion and knowledge have no purpose in our world without communication, for If we could not communicate, our species would not be able to survive. Communication, or our social Intelligence, Is broken Into two fields, which Include Interpersonal and Interpersonal Intelligence. Interpersonal intelligence is our ability to understand others, what motivates others, and how they work In a sense, Ana now to work cooperatively Walt I Nils Knowledge Is naively dependent upon emotions, as non-verbal communication (the dominant form of communication), relies on reading other people, and understanding how their body engage and subtle cues account to what they truly mean. We then rely upon our interpersonal intelligence, which involves the ability to monitor ones own and others emotions, discriminate amongst them, and use this information to guide ones own thinking (Mayer and Salvoes 1993). From this explanation, it can be observed that between these two fields of social knowledge, emotion and emotional intelligence is the key to understanding. Personal experiences affect my perception, thus leading to my feelings and my emotional responses to them. Experience is the foundation of knowledge, as to have justified true belief, one must realize that there is nothing that seems more true to oneself than things we have experienced. Our emotions create such strong connections in our minds that tie us to events, and by doing so, our reality, and the things we perceive as knowledge are that much stronger and more meaningful when our emotions are involved. From these experiences do we gain the greatest knowledge of the world, as it has been said many times that the most important things we can ever learn in life are those which we cannot be taught. My perception of my own experiences leads me to find different emotions. The strength of my emotions often is the key to memory of such events surrounding these emotions, and as such, I remember moments in my life that are more strongly attached to emotions. For example, my day today passed entirely in a blur, with nothing particularly interesting to say for it, but I can vividly recall the events of last Friday, as I can recall my anxieties preceding my French oral examination, and the exhilaration and relief of having completed it afterwards, and that I went out to Struck after to celebrate. The events of my day are much easier to remember because of the strong emotional attachments to them, and facts of knowledge, being as simple as l had my French oral on Friday can be recalled from memory much faster than whatever it was I did with myself today, despite the difference in time separating these events. It is important to remember that everyone has certain experiences which are at the very least similar to one anothers. It is nearly impossible for two people to experience the same event or emotion in the exact same way, yet both parties undeniably experienced it. This fact unites us and allows us to communicate to one another to gain experience with intimate things such as social situations and legislations. When trying to explain these events someone else, the limits of my language are indeed the limits of my world. Or, to be more specific, the limits of my language are the limits of my world to others. If I cannot use language to explain my world to others, than it must not exist, if it cannot be proven to them. We all accept that everyone else has their own worlds, filled with sadness, Joy, angst, heartache, and the like, but it is something we do not question. We recognize our own worlds, and thus assume that others must live through the same experiences, without challenge, let alone proof. Our interpersonal intelligence is projected to become interpersonal, as this type of connection is necessary to relate to one another at least basically to sustain our species. Emotion is our stimulus to act, and we have built our moral systems Dates upon It I nuns, monotone Is Inane a major component AT our lives. Essentially, all knowledge that is not objective, such as our individual perceptions and thoughts based on the abstract of our immediate world, are based in some way on emotion. Love is an excellent example of how personal attachment in regards to knowledge is the knowledge which we believe most strongly to be true. Arguably, everyone in their lifetime has felt love at least in the Platonic form, and can acknowledge that love does exist. It is a feeling between people which links us and allows us to submerge into our interpersonal relations. It has nothing tangible to show for itself, and for nearly six billion people to say that love is real, despite physical evidence, strongly shows the level of belief that is necessary to knowledge claims. Moving away from relationships between people, the same can be said about love of material objects. I personally know several people who could boast for hours about every minor detail f whats under the hood of their car. Their emotional attachment to their vehicle is what allows them to care more, in a sense, as they feel more compelled to know more about something they value so highly. It is understandable to assume that knowledge and emotion are unrelated, as knowledge is based upon facts that you recognize and understand, whereas emotions are very ambiguous in how personal they are, and how we can never fully understand them. However, one cannot simply remove emotion from our lives, nor from the knowledge that our lives are built upon. Emotion plays such an integral role n what we classify as knowledge, we would lose vast amounts of knowledge itself. Emotions can lead to knowledge that nothing else can, as emotions are so very different from anything else in our world. Humans are unique when compared to animals, as we are the only species capable of feeling such a wide variety of emotions. To further explain the entwining relationship between emotion and knowledge, I feel it necessary to provide a quote from C. S. Lewis in attempts to further explain myself. In A Grief Observed, Lewis concludes that nothing will shake a man or at any rate a an like me out of his merely verbal thinking and his merely rational beliefs. He has to be knocked silly before he comes to his senses. Only torture will bring out the truth. Only under torture does he discover himself (C. S. Lewis 2001). This quote eloquently describes how one has to experience deep emotions in order to discover truth, both internal and external. Without these emotions, man will never understand truth, nor himself. To connect the last ends of this loop Im continually growing more affectionate of, I can conclude by again saying that emotion and knowledge must always remain hand- in-hand. Emotions are to us what seem most real in this life, as our senses are stimulated to give us perception.

48 Inspiring, Wise, and Witty Quotes to End Your Emails

48 Inspiring, Wise, and Witty Quotes to End Your Emails Your email signature- an optional footer you can add to every message you send out- is an ideal place to put your name and contact information, so people can easily reach you in a variety of ways. If youre using personal email, its also a field where you might add a quote- a few short words that are inspiring, wise, or humorous to enlighten the reader. The remarks of famous writers, politicians, activists, and entertainers can serve as personal statements in the digital age. Find a quote that speaks to you and then use it as a sign-off at the end of your emails. Inspiring Quotes These quotes from Maya Angelou to Confucius to Mark Twain were handpicked to help the seeker in all of us- to keep us bounding forward even during the most challenging days. Maya Angelou We may encounter many defeats, but we must not be defeated. Walter Bagehot The great pleasure in life is doing what people say you cannot do. Simone de Beauvoir Change your life today. Dont gamble on the future, act now, without delay. Josh Billings To bring up a child in the way he should go, travel that way yourself once in a while. Confucius The more man meditates upon good thoughts, the better will be his world and the world at large. William Hazlitt The more we do, the more we can do. Gary Player The harder you work, the luckier you get. Jim Rohn Discipline is the bridge between goals and accomplishment. Eleanor Roosevelt With the new day comes new strength and new thoughts. Charles R. Swindoll Life is 10 percent what happens to you and 90 percent how you react to it. Rabindranath Tagore You cant cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water. Mark Twain The secret of getting ahead is getting started. Wise Quotes An email signature can be a place to share a nugget of wisdom, something that expresses your personal values or outlook on life. If you work in education, you might choose a quote about teaching or learning. If youre a writer or a painter, you might choose a quote about the power of art. Bill Clinton There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America. Paul Ehrlich To err is human, but to really foul things up you need a computer. Euripides Friends show their love in times of trouble, not in happiness. Robert Frost In three words I can sum up everything Ive learned about life. It goes on. Gandhi There are limits to self-indulgence, none to self-restraint. Khalil Gibran The teacher who is indeed wise does not bid you to enter the house of his wisdom but rather leads you to the threshold of your mind. Omar Khayyam Be happy for this moment. This moment is your life. Thomas La Mance Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans. Jawaharlal Nehru Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you represents determinism; the way you play it is free will. General George S. Patton Jr. Never tell people how to do things. Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. Pablo Picasso The purpose of art is washing the dust of daily life off our souls. Josiah Royce Thinking is like loving and dying. Each of us must do it for himself. Rumi Let the beauty of what you love be what you do. Bertrand Russell No one gossips about other peoples secret virtues. George Sand There is only one happiness in this life, to love and be loved. William Shakespeare A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool. Robert S. Surtees It is better to be killed than frightened to death. Oscar Wilde Keep love in your heart. A life without it is like a sunless garden when the flowers are dead. William Butler Yeats Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. Witty Quotes Email signatures dont have to be serious. If youre known for being lighthearted and making people laugh, you might be happier using a funny email signature, such as a quote from a comedian. A snappy one-liner or a clever zinger can leave the person on the other end with a smile- just be sure you know your audience well. Fred Allen I dont want to own anything that wont fit into my coffin. Woody Allen I am thankful for laughter, except when milk comes out of my nose. Louis Hector Berlioz Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately, it kills all its pupils. Red Buttons Never raise your hands to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected. George Carlin The day after tomorrow is the third day of the rest of your life. Lawrence Ferlinghetti If youre too open-minded, your brains will fall out. Carrie Fisher Instant gratification takes too long. Benjamin Franklin Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, and half-shut afterward. Fran Lebowitz Youre only as good as your last haircut. P.J. ORourke Cleanliness becomes more important when godliness is unlikely. Charles M. Schulz I never made a mistake in my life. I thought I did once, but I was wrong. George Bernard Shaw Youth is wasted on the young. Lily Tomlin Man invented language to satisfy his deep need to complain. Mark Twain Go to Heaven for the climate, Hell for the company. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow. Mae West I generally avoid temptation unless I cant resist it. Steven Wright If at first you dont succeed, then skydiving definitely isnt for you.

Death Penalty in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death Penalty in the USA - Essay Example   The courts have instead been granted discretion to decide the method to be used, leaving this form of punishment susceptible to abuse. Solution: Uniformity and Specificity of Laws It is important for states to have laws that more or less contain similar provisions especially with regards to topics of a controversial nature (Sutton, 2010). For instance, almost all countries in Europe have abolished these laws, based on Article 2 of the  Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union  which expressly prohibits capital punishment. This goes to show that countries in this region are reading from the same script – something that other countries should strive to achieve. The laws also need to be more specific especially on the methods to be used – some countries use hanging, lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, and firing squads. Problem: Fitting the Crime There has been a huge debate as to whether the death penalty is the proper punishment for certain c rimes (Feser, 2011). The question is whether this punishment fits the crime. In most cases, a convicted murderer is sentenced to death, but many critics have asked why the same punishment is not meted out against drug dealers whose crimes may have led to the death of many. Serial rapists and pedophiles are often not sentenced to death despite the unspeakable damage to women and children. Solution: Just Deserts It would be advisable for countries to determine whether the punishments meted outfit the crimes. The principle of proportionality states that the penalties should be proportionate in their severity to the gravity of the crime committed (Belrad, 2008). Problem: Failure to Exercise As previously stated, most countries contain provisions for the death penalty, however, most do not exercise them, thus making these provisions redundant. In most cases, these sentences are translated into life-long ones. It should be noted that there are crimes which are punished by life-long senten ces. Does this mean that capital offenses are reduced to the level of these offenses? Solution: Exercise the Law to the Letter This problem can be solved by exercising the law to the letter because failure to do this beats the whole purpose of having laws in the first place. If it is not compulsory for the courts while meting out punishments to adhere to the laws, then why should the civilians care? The law should be enforced to its full letter while also taking into consideration its spirit. Problem: Controversy There has been a lot of debate on this form of punishment.  

In 2014, why women still earn less than men in Canada Annotated Bibliography

In 2014, why women still earn less than men in Canada - Annotated Bibliography Example Additionally, the article describes changes in the female graduate earning across different years from 1988 to 2007. The trend facilitates easy comparison and understanding of the various differences that prevail amidst gender disparity. Based on the article, the first two to five years after graduation have female graduates earn 6% to 14% less than men. The distribution furthermore links job attributes and observable personal characteristics found in women as major drivers of gender wage differences between men and women. In this respect, Boudarbat and Connolly article proves worthwhile in not only explaining but also detailing reasons why women still earn less than men in Canada. Chapter three of Hobbs and Rice’s book focuses on poverty as a major problem in the Canadian society. The social assistance resulting from the process makes it difficult to ascertain employment security, housing and working conditions. Hobbs and Rice reiterates that the difference forces unequal distribution of wealth in the society especially in Canada where there is less social infrastructure. Based on the book, regardless of occupation, women earn less as compared to men. The risk is mainly prevalent in Aboriginal women who face illumination from policy antecedents. In addition, Hobbs and Rice identify unattached and limited involvement of the Canadian authorities as major factors that influence the ability of women to remove poverty from the Canadian society. Evidently, the rate of poverty is higher in the country as it was in the past 30 years. The main reason according to Hobbs and Rice directly links to wage disparity, which leaves women with no capital and investment. Therefore, the book is important for the research as it brings into light several factors that contribute to uneven earnings while providing effects in the hind sight. Chapter four of the book describes the role, effects and

Actors in Long Life Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Actors in Long Life Learning - Essay Example The global economy is highly influenced by transitions and adjustments challenges at the social, business and cultural levels. Knowledge is not just the power, but a property to highly be marketed and commercialized. Lifelong learning is considered to be a vehicle that can enable immigrant community to adapt the challenges of new global economy. Human brain is perceived to represent a new ‘grey capital’ as it is set alongside the familiar economic resources such as land, labor and finance (Field, 2006, p. 9). This piece of research work presents the concept of lifelong learning and analyzes how this can help immigrants improve their personal and professional development and as a result improve the economic prosperity of country they migrated to. This paper investigates the role of lifelong learning in contributing to the economic and social prosperity and reflects on the personal experiences of lifelong learning in terms of personal and professional development. Lifelong Learning and implication on immigrant community In today’s competitive knowledge economy, lifelong learning has become a critically important strategy to make people highly competitive and productive. (World Bank, 2003). Lifelong learning is a human process and a metaphor to describe societies, regions and organizations. Lifelong learning is described as an ideal goal for better education (Parson, 1990), as a human process (Parson, 1990), as a product (Hatton, 1997) and moral duty of people (Wain, 1991). Learning is a human process and it requires consciousness and the capacity to utilize their knowledge. Lifelong learning is a continuous learning throughout one’s life directed by the individual needs and intentionality mediated by the capacities and interests (Billett, 2010, P. 402). World Bank (2003) explained that lifelong learning refers to learning throughout the lifetime including formal, non-formal and informal education and training. Formal education and training are structured programs recognized by formal education system. Non-formal education is structured education system but not recognized by national systems. Informal education and training are fully unstructured education or training systems that can take place anywhere such as home, organizations, workplace etc. Lifelong learning aims at positively influencing the inexperienced people in changing their career targets and making them highly demanded individuals by taking the self-responsibility of their learning and education. It thus assists them in developing their own learning skills (Uzunboylu and Ursen, 2011, p. 450). Technology in modern society plays significant role in lifelong learning. Distance or online-education facilitated by colleges and universities can be considered as examples for how modern technology assist lifelong learning.

The Best Form of Public Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Best Form of Public Spending - Essay Example Nevertheless, there is a need for various governments to choose the appropriate and best way to spend resources. Since high poverty level is common in many countries, it, therefore, constitutes the biggest problem in the world. Statistics show that 50% of the world population lives below the poverty level of $ 2.50 a day. The actual numbers from the record estimate this number to be 3 billion people in the entire world. It, therefore, means that over half of the world population suffers since they live on less than $ 2.50 a day thus cannot afford to purchase most of their needs. Moreover, 22000 children die daily due to the effects of poverty in the world (Pogge, 2008). Thus, the best form of public spending entails allocating funds and using them to reduce and alleviate poverty. Â  The major function of every government is to protect its citizens from the effects of poverty. Supporting this reduces misery among the citizens thereby ensuring that they appreciate and support the government by being patriotic and loyal. Consequently, since high poverty increases the levels of depression, its reduction minimizes depression levels in citizens thus, improving the living standards (Coate, Knight & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009). Through the allocation of adequate resources and using it in funding various projects aimed at reducing poverty levels and empowering its citizens, the government spends its resources in the best way possible. Â  In conclusion, the best form of public spending should be that with the greatest benefit to citizens. Thus, every government should strive at reducing the level of poverty in the world since this will curb human suffering and improve their living standards. However, this role should not only be left to the government. Individuals need to offer assistance to the government thereby ensuring the success of the initiative.

Presentation and written submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presentation and written submission - Essay Example Those trades that took place were carried out at substantial discounts. These disruptions in market activity had a fundamental role in the transmission and amplification of the US financial market. The global financial crisis of 2007 - 2009 led to uncertainty in the US financial market causing the problem of adverse selection. Adverse selection is a situation where only one party to a financial contract has better information as compared to the other leading to only low-quality products being available in the market. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of adverse selection in causing reduced lending, investment and economic activity as a result of little willingness to lend among US lender. Adverse Selection Adverse selection refers to an asymmetric information problem which takes place before a transaction is carried out. It is when possible bad credit risks are the most active in seeking out loans. This therefore leads to the likelihood of those that are most likely to cre ate an undesirable/adverse result being selected (Philippon & Skreta, 2010, p. 22). For instance, those that seek to carry on big risks are more likely to be the most keen to take loans since they know they aren’t likely to pay it back. ... An asset’s market price will manifest the quality expected based on the quality of all assets that are for sale in the market if buyers can’t be able to assess its quality. Adverse selection can arise from this asymmetric information between buyers and sellers. Sellers of high quality assets will pull back from the market as prices fall hence leaving assets that are of only low-quality (lemons) for sale. The result may be the reduction or halt in the trade of the asset since buyers are wary they will be left with an asset that is overpriced (lemon) if they transact. Moreover, this leads to the credit crunch since such assets can no longer act as collateral for other transactions. In both post-crisis episodes and the global financial crisis of 2007–09, adverse selection played a key role (Coval, Jurek & Stafford, 2009, p. 19). Increases in Uncertainty It gets more difficult for lenders to screen out good credits from the bad ones whenever there is a striking incre ase in uncertainty in financial markets. A reduction in investment, lending and aggregate activity is caused by lenders becoming less willing to lend due to their inability to solve adverse selection. The increase in uncertainty can grow out of a recession or failure of large financial or nonfinancial institution. However, uncertainty regarding interest rate dynamics and government policies seem to have in recent times of financial instability in developed market countries played a major role in reduction of investment, lending and aggregate economic activity (Caballero & Krishnamurthy, 2009, p. 86 - 88). Data A table of USA’s financial and economic data from the year 2003 to 2011 Year Lending

The Best Form of Public Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Best Form of Public Spending - Essay Example Nevertheless, there is a need for various governments to choose the appropriate and best way to spend resources. Since high poverty level is common in many countries, it, therefore, constitutes the biggest problem in the world. Statistics show that 50% of the world population lives below the poverty level of $ 2.50 a day. The actual numbers from the record estimate this number to be 3 billion people in the entire world. It, therefore, means that over half of the world population suffers since they live on less than $ 2.50 a day thus cannot afford to purchase most of their needs. Moreover, 22000 children die daily due to the effects of poverty in the world (Pogge, 2008). Thus, the best form of public spending entails allocating funds and using them to reduce and alleviate poverty. Â  The major function of every government is to protect its citizens from the effects of poverty. Supporting this reduces misery among the citizens thereby ensuring that they appreciate and support the government by being patriotic and loyal. Consequently, since high poverty increases the levels of depression, its reduction minimizes depression levels in citizens thus, improving the living standards (Coate, Knight & National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009). Through the allocation of adequate resources and using it in funding various projects aimed at reducing poverty levels and empowering its citizens, the government spends its resources in the best way possible. Â  In conclusion, the best form of public spending should be that with the greatest benefit to citizens. Thus, every government should strive at reducing the level of poverty in the world since this will curb human suffering and improve their living standards. However, this role should not only be left to the government. Individuals need to offer assistance to the government thereby ensuring the success of the initiative.

Organizational Change Applications Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Organizational Change Applications Paper - Essay Example This is the process used by a company to implement its desired and required changes in it. And also controlling the environmental impacts of this change within and outside of the company. This research paper will cover up almost all the basic concepts of Change and also cover up all the steps involved in Change Control and Procedures. This method will be applied to Amazon, the number one internet company, that have the best internet online library for its readers. With the help of suspicious procedure and planning, it is possible to reduce risks associated with changes thereby minimizing the likelihood of detrimental impacts on business operations (5 measure to minimize risk). A change is something that is completely unavoidable and it is one of the most adopted facts of life. To be changed, is a matter of human nature and the need of time in order to provide defined Service Level to the users and give them ultimate satisfaction. Amazon, with its advanced Information Technology, is required to give all the required books to its customers at its library (How to Make Better Decisions). To bring change, is to bring betterment and advancement for the maximize availability of products. But, at Amazon, we will maintain our standard along and with the adoption of new enabling technologies for our clients, whose mostly are students. Although this change will help us grow our business and bring positive feedback to us but, we surely will maintain a high level of internal security of the company (Amazon, 2012). Amazon was founded in 1994 Founded in 1994 in Seattle, USA and currently it has up to 28,300 employees working with its online internet and shopping services. Amazon is the Global leader in e-commerce and a best internet company which has a wide range of products for its customers which all are available at very affordable price and

Dance essay Essay Example for Free

Dance essay Essay Dance is a well admired art form and sport that is performed by many groups, cultures, and religions all around the world. There are many different types of dance that are available for people that have a great amount of energy, dedication and motivation. Dancers must be exceedingly athletic, have the stamina to practice for hours, and be able train and preform in very competitive environments, just like many well-known sports. Plenty of people believe that dance is just a form of art and is not a sport, they are wrong, dance is both an art and a sport. All athletes must be in best physical shape to succeed in their own sport. Dancers not only need muscle strength and physical endurance, like most sports, they also need flexibility, coordination, agility, and balance. Dancers also need mental endurance. They need to stay calm under pressure, keep focus, rebound quickly if they make mistakes, and most importantly need they have to make everything look beautiful and effortless, even if they are in pain. Athletes must prepare for each and every event they participate in. Dancers must face incredibly long hours of conditioning, rehearsals, and never-ending repetition of movements and steps to get ready for a performance. Many people cannot handle the amount of work that goes into any single movement a dancer must perform. In football, if a player not playing the right position that they were assigned, it can affect the team’s overall performance, just like in dance. Dancers have to focus on their position of their feet, arms, what moves to do and also where they are supposed to be, and if any are off it is very noticeable and can mess up the whole routine. Dance, just like any other sport, is competitive and the goal is to win and preform the best they can. Also, dancers can get injured if they move in a wrong way. There are dozens of injuries that can happen in football while there are just as many in dance. For example, dancers have the potential to fracture a bone in their foot by not landing a jump properly or could paralyze themselves if they fall when they are on pointe shoes. As you can see, there are many reasons why dance is a sport, as well as it is an art. The definition of a sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Dancers train for hours, they compete against people to win and it takes lots of blood, sweat, and tears. So for the people who don’t think dance is a sport, they are incorrect.

Literature Review on Mortgage Default

Literature Review on Mortgage Default Literature review The evolution of mortgage default studies is characterized by Quercia and Stegman (1992) into three types of studies. The earliest work dating back to the 1970s focuses from a lenders perspective on simple correlations and regression models capturing important borrower characteristics that can forecast bankruptcy. Home equity, income variability, loss of employment, death, and divorce are found to be the most important predictors of default risk (Von Furstenberg, 1969; Herzog and Early, 1970; Vandell, 1978). The second generation of default research, rooted in consumer behavior theory, models the behavior of households, who rationally decide to default, in a more structural way. Papers by Jackson and Kasserman (1980), Campbell and Dietrich (1983), and Foster and Van Order (1984) explicitly formulate net-equity maximization models of default. Such `ruthless default models predict immediate default if a propertys value drops a small margin below the level of the mortgage. These models emphasize the financial aspects of the mortgage default decision, ignoring borrowers characteristics. Towards the start of the 1990s, several models began examining transaction costs and crisis events that may delay, expedite, or eliminate the need to default. Quigley and Van Order (1992) find that transaction and reputation costs make the default option on mortgages less ruthless than in other frictionless financial markets. While transaction costs by themselves do not explain observed behavior, reputation costs in particular are consistent with observed default behavior. These second-generation studies constitute the basis for the current state of the theory. The examination of the default decision as an option and the central role of net equity constitute the dominant view in studies of default. Conceptually, the basic theory postulated by second-generation studies has not been revised since. The recent financial crisis has stimulated a revival of the academic interest in mortgage default, and the birth of a third generation of research models. Specifically, there have been attempts to integrate mortgage default into more general equilibrium models of consumer behavior. Campbell and Cocco (2014) model mortgage foreclosures structurally and find negative equity, borrowing constraints, high debt-to-income ratios and income growth as important determinants of foreclosure. Goodhart et al. (2011) and Foote et al. (2008) use a two-period model to show that households choose to default and lose their homes to foreclosure, if the net implicit rents from owning plus the expected net equity position over their tenure horizon is negative. They find that expected house price appreciation, and the size of the mortgage payment are the main factors in determining default. Corradin (2012) builds a life-cycle continuous-time model of household leverage and default in which the agents opti mally choose the down-payment, abstracting from inflation and interest rate risk. Garriga and Schlagenhauf (2009) also solve an equilibrium model of long-term mortgage choice and default to understand how leverage affects the default decision. Forlati and Lambertini (2011), the closest paper to this thesis, builds an infinite-horizon DSGE model with housing, risky mortgages and endogenous default. They introduce idiosyncratic risk in housing investment and the possibility for loans to be defaulted on, which results in an endogenous borrowing constraint exactly as the one for firms in Bernanke, Gertler, and Gilchrist (1999). Their model does not feature any penalties for the households that choose to default. This assumption is unrealistic, as in the United States as well as in other countries, defaulters incur reputation and credit score penalties which affect their possibility to borrow in the future, in addition to collateral losses. Hence, introducing non-pecuniary default penalties is useful when thinking about an equilibrium with default. The Forlati and Lambertini (2011) model also does not include a financial sector, therefore the financial accelerator mechanism is absent, in particular the banking side. There is no role for negative feedback loops operating through the banking sector as rising bad loan books and bank insolvencies, amplified by a liquidity crisis, can lead to a sharp credit contraction. This thesis builds a model incorporating some of these missing links. The literature review indicates a continued interest in mortgage default. While most empirical studies are well-advanced in their discoveries of the determinants of default, the theoretical literature is lagging behind developing models able to capture these determinants. I attempt to bridge the gap between the empirical determinants of default and the theory, by constructing a dynamic optimization model of borrower choice with housing market frictions and endogenous mortgage default, that will feature default centered around negative net equity, reputation penalties, and house valuation shocks. Refining the current DSGE models with the introduction of financial and micro-founded consumer behavior frictions is essential for the study of business cycles and financial stability. Theoretical Model This thesis builds a DSGE model drawing on a number of contributions in the literature on credit markets, housing markets, and debt default. The starting point is a model with financial frictions on the demand-side for credit (i.e. Kiyotaki and Moore, 1997; Iacoviello and Neri, 2010), to which I add a housing sector, a financial sector and endogenous debt default. The idea of default comes from the asset pricing literature, which allows for the existence of default as an equilibrium phenomenon (Dubey et al., 2005; Geanakoplos and Zame, 2013). A stylized representation of the model is depicted in Figure ref{fig8}. The economy operates in discrete time over an infinite horizon and combines five elements: 1) two types of households, namely textit{savers} and textit{borrowers}, who consume manufactured goods, accumulate housing, and work; 2) a financial sector collecting deposits and extending collateralized mortgages; 3) a large set of real (consumption habits, adjustment costs) and nom inal (price and wage) rigidities; 4) financing frictions in the housing and financial sector; and 5) a rich set of shocks, essential in taking the model to the data. The economy is populated by patient (savers) and impatient (borrowers) households. Patient households consume, accumulate housing stock, save, and work. They own the productive capital of the economy, and supply capital funds to firms on the one hand, and deposits to banks on the other. Impatient households consume, accumulate housing stock, borrow from banks, and work. Both patient and impatient households supply labor services through labor unions, which set their wages subject to a Calvo scheme. On the supply side, the non-housing sector combines labor and capital to produce consumption and business capital for both sectors. The construction sector produces new homes combining labor and land with business capital. The two groups of households have different discount factors. Discount factor heterogeneity between households induces heterogeneity in the marginal utility of saving across households. All else equal, borrowers have a lower $beta^*$ and a higher marginal utility of immediate consumption relative to savers, inducing a desire to trade inter-temporally. Borrowers obtain collateralized mortgages from banks, while savers have a high discount factor $beta$ and invest their resources into bank deposits. The availability of loans to borrowers is subject to a borrowing constraint linked to the market value of their housing stock and the ability of the lending banks to extend credit. Borrowers can experience negative housing value shocks that are only observed by the households themselves. When the value of their house falls below the value of their loan repayment, they choose to default on part of their mortgage. Default on secured debt is modeled through the partial loss of collateral and a non-pecuniary default penalty that enters the utility function of the households directly. In case of default, borrowers lose some of their housing stock which is repossessed by the bank, suffer a non-pecuniary default penalty, and re-enter the housing market in the next period as buyers again. Default is endogenously determined and, consistent with the literature on second-generation default models, triggered by shocks that are large enough to cause leveraged households to owe on their house more than the house is worth. Borrowers and savers are unable to directly write financial contracts. They do so through financial intermediaries. The financial sector is simply market-based: banks borrow from savers in order to give loans to borrowers. In this way, I layer two sets of financial frictions that interact in equilibrium: first, banks are constrained in how much they can borrow from ultimate savers, and second ultimate borrowers are constrained in how much they can borrow from the banks. Monetary policy is conducted by a central bank which faces a trade-off between output gap and inflation stabilization. The model provides a framework to understand the impact of house price fluctuations, monetary policy, demand shocks, and credit availability on the economy and the ways in which financial regulation can dampen boom and bust cycles in the housing market.

Defining Equality :: Philosophy

Defining Equality The article "We're Not Really Equal," by Thomas Sowell discusses the need to be clear on definitions of important terms when delivering an argument. To draw readers into listening to his main point about clarifying definitions, Sowell chooses an important issue to serve as an example: equality. When introducing this example topic, Sowell makes a clear claim of fact, " 'Equality' is one of the great undefined terms underlying much current controversy and antagonism' (204.) When discussing equality, controversy, and antagonism, Sowell's word choices call a lot of attention to his claim. This emotional appeal may work to catch the attention of a wide audience, but may also put off anybody who doesn't want to spend time reading demanding material. The political direction of his example may confuse readers who start the article thinking this will be a discussion of clarifying definitions, then wonder if the real topic is the lack of equality in a country that supposedly constitutionally g uarantees equality for all. Both the tasks of clarifying terms we all think we understand and discussing equality are difficult. The audience of this article may have to readers with more education than the general population, yet the short sentences, standard word choices, and short overall length would allow a fairly wide readership. The potentially inflammatory subject is what may limit the audience to only readers who agree with Sowell. Perhaps in awareness of these possible limitations, Sowell initiates some general support through an illustration of confusion around defining equality in mathematics. He tells us that mathematical equalities are easily understood because numbers are compared only to other numbers. Despite Sowell's innocuous example, this piece of his argument doesn't seem to be the case in true life. No two people think alike, or share the same history, so how can our thinking processes be compared to something as black and white, and quantifiable as numbers? Another example Sowell brings up is a concept many Americans share that everyone is equal under the law. He is relying on the underlying warrant that North Americans believe in our constitutional rights that the same rules apply to everyone, regardless of wealth, status, education, priviledge, or personal ability. His support grows stronger here because constitutional law is hard to argue against. Defining Equality :: Philosophy Defining Equality The article "We're Not Really Equal," by Thomas Sowell discusses the need to be clear on definitions of important terms when delivering an argument. To draw readers into listening to his main point about clarifying definitions, Sowell chooses an important issue to serve as an example: equality. When introducing this example topic, Sowell makes a clear claim of fact, " 'Equality' is one of the great undefined terms underlying much current controversy and antagonism' (204.) When discussing equality, controversy, and antagonism, Sowell's word choices call a lot of attention to his claim. This emotional appeal may work to catch the attention of a wide audience, but may also put off anybody who doesn't want to spend time reading demanding material. The political direction of his example may confuse readers who start the article thinking this will be a discussion of clarifying definitions, then wonder if the real topic is the lack of equality in a country that supposedly constitutionally g uarantees equality for all. Both the tasks of clarifying terms we all think we understand and discussing equality are difficult. The audience of this article may have to readers with more education than the general population, yet the short sentences, standard word choices, and short overall length would allow a fairly wide readership. The potentially inflammatory subject is what may limit the audience to only readers who agree with Sowell. Perhaps in awareness of these possible limitations, Sowell initiates some general support through an illustration of confusion around defining equality in mathematics. He tells us that mathematical equalities are easily understood because numbers are compared only to other numbers. Despite Sowell's innocuous example, this piece of his argument doesn't seem to be the case in true life. No two people think alike, or share the same history, so how can our thinking processes be compared to something as black and white, and quantifiable as numbers? Another example Sowell brings up is a concept many Americans share that everyone is equal under the law. He is relying on the underlying warrant that North Americans believe in our constitutional rights that the same rules apply to everyone, regardless of wealth, status, education, priviledge, or personal ability. His support grows stronger here because constitutional law is hard to argue against.

Once the initial layer

Once the initial layer soaked the entire area of the canvas, other colors were added to create the effect of the painting. These colors were white, brown, and turquoise. These colors were added in such a way that the painting depicted contrary visual characteristics, such as vertical and horizontal lines and also straight and circular patterns. Rough surfaces in the canvas contribute to the complexity of the painting, such as pooled paint swirls where colors meet and barely visible wrinkles formed by paint build up. â€Å"Autumn Rhythm† does not depict any recognizable object; however, it does give the illusion of nature.Metropolitan, 2000-2013). During the years following World War II, much of the artwork focused on issues and keeping with social commitment; however, when artists began using more personal styles for their paintings, this resulted in the artists moving away from art depicting the happenings of the time. (Frank, 2011). It was during this time that Jackson Pollo ck had the greatest influence on the art world. Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), studied under Thomas Hart Benton before beginning his action paintings, which involved the spilling and pouring of paints onto a canvas. (Biography, 2013). Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), was considered to be the major trendsetter of Abstract Expressionism. When Helen Fraternally began creating Abstract Expressionism pieces, she incorporated aspects of Pollock's action painting with her own style. Fraternally used the same technique of covering the canvas with an initial diluted color and allowing it to seep into the canvas as a beginning of the piece. As with Pollock's works, Fraternally added several colors to create her works; however, she opted to use softer colors and the results were not as random.When Fraternally created â€Å"Eden† (1956), she added numerous shapes that gave he painting the illusion of trees and plants which gave the piece an appearance of a mystical garden. Baker (2010-2013) qu otes Hallway's description of â€Å"Eden†, â€Å"In addition to its dulcet clarity and command†¦ A very funny picture†¦ Centering†¦ Upon two blue, slightly wiggly sets of numerals, two â€Å"sass's† on either side of the top center of the canvas. † The piece was created with created with peach, olive, medium blue and pale olive colors.The focal point of this piece is the olive green and peach colored tear drops with the blue sass's on the either side. The symbolism of the tear drops ND numbers is not clearly defined, as is the case in the Abstract Expressionism pieces. Helen Fraternally (1928-2011), studied at the Dalton School with Ruffian Tomato. (American Art, n. D). Her first solo exhibition was in 1951 and consisted of paintings created with textured canvases, calligraphic drawings and the use of pale colors. These pieces represented the aspect of Abstract Expressionism that used recognizable figures and possessed some form of symbolism.This led to Fraternally changing her expressions of art. It was during the sass's that Fraternally moved away from Abstract Expressionism to define her own style which became known as color field painting. (American Art, n. D. ). Willie De Cooking (1904-1997), was also one of the well known abstract expressionists. His style of abstract painting differed from that of Pollock and Fraternally in that his pieces have a more symbolist quality. Even though the abstract quality is shown, the figures of women in his paintings are easily recognizable.In â€Å"Woman and Bicycle† (1952-1953), the woman is visible through the smears of paint and the brush strokes. She is wearing an outfit that was not designed for riding a bicycle. Her high-heals and tight outfit was indicative of the popular looting style of the time. (Whitney, 2009). Willie De Zonings paintings, such as, â€Å"Woman and Bicycle† (1952-1953), are representative of how he viewed women, some of which were recreations o f pictures of real women in magazines and billboards during the sass's. (Whitney, 2009). William De Cooking (1904-1997), attended the Rotterdam Academy of Fine Arts and Techniques.In the year 1945, De Zonings style was clearly defined; he used a combination of abstractions and figures. In 1955, the symbolism of his art work gave the illusion of women being absorbed into the background while also being the focal point of the painting. Biography, 2013). Aesthetic Qualities, Symbolic Significance â€Å"Autumn Rhythm† (1950), â€Å"Eden† (1956), and â€Å"Woman and Bicycle† (1952-1953), exhibit the qualities found in Abstract Expressionism; although â€Å"Autumn Rhythm† (1950) may exhibit more of the abstract style with contrasting lines and randomness. Eden† (1956) and â€Å"Woman and Bicycle† (1952-1953) exhibit the abstract style; however, both of these paintings also depict recognizable figures. Even though â€Å"Autumn Rhythm† (1950), does not exhibit recognizable figures, viewers may be able to imagine a sort of symbolism in that the painting represents fall. If the painting is viewed for a period of time, one can imagine the colors depicting the season of fall. â€Å"Eden† (1956) symbolizes a garden or part filled with trees and plants, and â€Å"Woman and Bicycle† (1952-1953), symbolizes the artist's vision of women.